Background and Objectives: Due to the increasing use of mobile phone in recent years, the number of BTS antennas has also increased. .Proliferation of BTS antennas in cities and villages, and perpetuation of encountering with WAVES from one side and increasing the anxiety of many people in encountering with their WAVES from the other side convinced more investigations in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the propagation of microwave around the BTS antennas of Maragheh and to compare power density measurements with allowable environmental standards.Material and Methods: In this research, the frequency of BTS antennas was determined through field monitoring. Then, measurements were performed using a calibrated Spectran 4060 and the standard method IEEE Std C95.1 was adopted in close and far fields from each antenna. Then, the obtained data were analyzed after entering to SPSS environment. In this study, the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were used.Results: This research found that in both Irancel and Hamrah Aval operators, the power density increased with distance in close fields and decreased in far fields. Moreover, at the distance of 20 meter, the maximum value of power density was measured. Significant difference between these distances was observed (P-value £0.05).Conclusion: Out of 1804 cases in far and close fields, the highest power density measured at 900 MHz band was 4.51 mW/m2, which is in accordance with 0.1% permissible exposure.

By passing water flow through obstacles (trees in rivers, piers of bridge and any hydraulic structure), vortex flows emerge at the downstream of them and by overlapping of these emerged vortexes, shallow WAVES with propagation direction perpendicular to the water flow direction are formed. In this study the impact of obstacles on the formation of TRANSVERSE WAVES has been studied. For this purpose, cylindrical and triangular obstacles were used. For the triangular obstacle, two states of collision in corner and side of it were considered. Discharges of 5, 15 and 25 L s-1 and placement of barriers in parallel position with the arrangement of 60×60, 60×120, 120×120, 180×180 (mm×mm), were considered. Totally, 36 series of experiments were carried out. The results showed that the barrier had much impact on the formation of TRANSVERSE WAVES. The maximum amount of relative amplitude (A/H) (A: The maximum wave amplitude, H: depth of flow) for the cylindrical obstacles with 60×120 (mm×mm) arrangement in the flow rate of 5 L s-1 and the minimum amount of it for the triangular obstacles with flow hitting its corner and the flow rate of 15 L s-1 at the arrangement of 60×120 (mm×mm) were achieved with the values of 61.1% and 3.46% , respectively. Also, in order to estimate the Strouhal number as a function of P/D, T/D and N (P: distance between obstacles, D: diameter of obstacles and N: number of obstacles in each row) for desired shape, some relationships were developed using SPSS software.

In many cases the collection of obstacles stand against water flow direction and by passing water through these obstacles, vortexes are created in downstream of them and by overlapping of these vortexes, surface WAVES perpendicular to the flow direction are formed. In this study the impact of obstacle shape on the characteristics of TRANSVERSE WAVES are investigated. For this purpose, cylindrical obstacle and cubic obstacle are used. Discharges 5, 15 and 25 l/s and insertion of obstacles in parallel with ordering of 60´60, 60´120, 120´120 and 180´180 are considered. Totally 36 experiments were performed. The results showed that the shape of obstacles has high impact on the formation of TRANSVERSE WAVES. The maximum amount of relative amplitude (A H) (A: The maximum wave amplitude, H: depth of flow) was occurred for cylindrical obstacle with amount of 61.10% in arrangement of obstacles of 60´120 and discharge equal to 5 l/s and the minimum value of A H was occurred for cubic obstacle for side current collision with amount of 6.00% in arrangement of obstacles of 180´180 and discharge equal to 25 l/s. Equations for estimating of Strouhal Number were presented, using SPSS software developed. According to presented equations, Strouhal number has direct comparison with P D (P: Distance between obstacles, D: Diameter of obstacles) in cylindrical obstacles and has inverse comparison in two situations of cubic obstacles.

TRANSVERSE WAVES are formed by obstacles such as vegetation, bridge piers, and docks in the flow path. the present study investigated the effect of the transversal distance of cubic obstacles on the hydraulic characterization of TRANSVERSE WAVES with four-wave modes in resonance. The obstacles were arranged staggered at two transversal distances and a constant longitudinal distance. All experiments were performed in a flume with a length of 16 m, a width of 1.25 m, and a height of 0.6 m. The flow discharge was varied between 30 and 38 lit/s in the experiments. The results showed that the flow regime was turbulent and sub-critical in experiments. In resonance, the Obstacle Reynolds Number and Froude Number were within the range of 2319

Introduction: Vortices resulted by fluids movement around cylinders were initially studied for gases. When a rigid cylinder is placed within a flow path (including gas or liquids), as the fluid particles reach the leading edge upstream of the cylinder, the velocity of fluid inclines to zero and the particle pressure decreases from the initial fluid pressure to a dynamic pressure at the stagnation point.Near the widest section of the cylinder, the boundary layers may detach from each side of the cylinder surface and form vortices and wake interfaces. Few researches has been done on the formation of vortices in water environment and related phenomena. In a recent research, Ghomeshi et al. (2007) studied the TRANSVERSE surface WAVES in a laboratory flume, 1.2 m in width and using cylinders with a diameter of 0.024 m.

In present study the effects of TRANSVERSE WAVES modes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in a staggered obstacles arrangement on suspended sediment load transport in a rectangular flume was investigated. The results show that in no TRANSVERSE wave condition, the concentration of suspended sediment at downstream obstacles zone is more than the part of no obstacles zone but it was reduced in the case of existing TRANSVERSE wave. In the same condition of discharge, diameter and perpendicular and transversal distances of obstacles, increasing of TRANSVERSE wave mode caused to decrease of this difference. Also, the percentage of decreased suspended sediment concentration in obstacles zone rather than no TRANSVERSE wave condition was decreased. In fact the concentration of the transported suspended sediment in obstacles zone for wave modes 1, 2, 3 and 4 rather than no TRANSVERSE wave condition was decreased about 6.2%, 3.9%, 3.6% and 3.1%, respectively and in this condition, suspended sediment was deposited at upstream of the obstacles zone for TRANSVERSE wave modes 3 and 4. However, 1% and 3% of this sediment was transported to no obstacles zone for wave mode 1 and 2. Also, according to findings, the ability of wave for decreasing of suspended sediment concentration at downstream obstacles zone rather than part of no obstacles zone is increased by increasing of the wave amplitude.

The basic features of nonlinear ion acoustic (IA) WAVES are theoretically studied in a superthermal electron–positron–ion (e–p–i) plasma with weakly TRANSVERSE perturbation. A three-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation governing evolution of weakly nonlinear IA WAVES is derived by means of a reductive perturbation method. The energy integral equation is used to study the existence domain of the localized structures. It is found that deviation from thermodynamics equilibrium increases the existence domain of solitary solution and also makes the IA solitary structure more spiky. The ion concentration has an important effect on the existence domain of solitary solution, as for low ion density the primitive domain reduces significantly.

Purpose: A new code based on Helmholtz decomposition is presented to separate longitudinal (pressure) and TRANSVERSE (shear) components of a mixed wave field. This algorithm will help isolate shear or pressure components of an elastic wave to further concentrate on each specific wave and its physical characteristics, particularly in medical imaging instrument development and image processing techniques. Materials and Methods: Using the combination of Fourier transform and Helmholtz decomposition, first, the mathematical basis of the work is prepared. After reaching a usable formula, this basis is embedded in the Code written in MATLAB program. Then, various test data containing shear and pressure WAVES were created and fed to the Code to evaluate its ability to decompose the displacements into the shear and pressure WAVES. Results: This new algorithm successfully isolated the TRANSVERSE and longitudinal wavefront of the mixed wavefield. The Code demonstrated 100% accuracy for separating the shear wave and more than 99% for the pressure wave. Moreover, the background noise was kept under 0. 03% in every step. Conclusion: The results show that using Helmholtz decomposition in Fourier space on 3D data can help decompose a displacement field into its irrotational and solenoidal components with high accuracy. A weak dependency on wave thickness and contrast was observed, but the algorithm's accuracy never fell below 99%.

A B S T R A C T Temperature is one of the climate elements that has fluctuated a lot over time. When these fluctuations increase and decrease more than normal and are placed in the upper and lower regions of the statistical distribution, if continued, it can lead to the creation of heating and cooling WAVES. The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in heating and cooling WAVES in Iran during a period of 50 years. For this purpose, the temperature of 663 synoptic stations from 1962 to 2004 was obtained from the Esfazari database. Then, in order to complete this database, the daily temperature from 2004 to 2011 was obtained from the Meteorological Organization of the country and added to the aforementioned database. In order to perform calculations and draw maps, Matlab, grads and Surfer software have been used. The results of this study showed that the index of cooling WAVES and heating WAVES, while having a direct effect on each other, had an increasing trend in most of the area of Iran. The statistical distribution of the index of cooling WAVES is more heterogeneous than that of the index of heating WAVES. So that the spatial variation coefficient for cold WAVES is 84.22%. Also, the index of cooling WAVES has more spatial variability. The highest common diffraction of the index of heating and cooling WAVES has been seen in the northwest, east and along the Zagros mountains. Analysis of the indexes trends show that heat WAVES have intensified in 65.8% of Iran and the intensity of cold WAVES has decreased in 48.5% of Iran Extended Abstract Introduction Temperature is one of the major climatic variables, which it has a direct impact on different aspects of human life. It plays an essential role in the growth of crops and is considered a key driver of the biological system(Reicosky et al, 1988). It is associated with several types of extremes, for example, heat and cold WAVES which caused human societies maximum damage. Past occurrences of heat WAVES hitherto had significant impacts on several aspects of society. Have increased Mortality and morbidity. Ecosystems can be affected, as well as increased pressure on infrastructures that support society, such as water, transportation, and energy(Dewce, 2016). The long-term change of extreme temperatures has a key role in climatic change. The form of statistical distribution and the variability of mean values and also extreme event indicate a change in the region. It can be a small relative change in the mean as a result of a large change in the probability of extreme occurrence. Also, the variation in temperature data variance is significantly more important than the mean, for assessing the extreme occurrence of climate(Toreti and Desiato, 2008). The average surface temperature has increased the world between 0.56 and 0.92 ° C over the past 100 years(IPCC, 2007). Meanwhile, it was in the Middle East, the average daily temperature increased by 0.4-0.5 ° C in decades(Kostopoulou et al, 2014; Tanarhte et al, 2012). Considering that not many studies have been done in the field of spatio-temporal Variations of the heating and cooling WAVES thresholds in Iran, in this study, the spatio-temporal Variations of the heating and cooling WAVES thresholds in Iran during 50 years were examined and analyzed.   Methodology The daily temperature from the beginning of the year 21/03/1967 to 19/05/2005 was obtained from the Esfazari database prepared by Dr. Masoudian at the University of Isfahan. In order to increase the time resolution of the mentioned database, the daily temperature of observations from 05/21/2005 to 05/12/2012 has been added to the mentioned database using the same method, and the exact spatial resolution (15 x 15 km) is used as a database. Threshold indices of heating WAVES are the average numbers between the 95th and 99th percentiles, that is, the extreme hot threshold to the limit of excessively extreme hot. For extreme cool, from the 5th percentile down to zero is used. Of course, a condition was added to these thresholds, which is that these thresholds must be repeated two days in a row. These thresholds were extracted for each day in the 50 years of the study period and used as the original database. In order to analyze the relationship between cooling and heating WAVES, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and regression was used to analyze the trend.   Results and discussion The average of cold WAVES was 5.26 ° C and for the heat WAVES is 30.20° C. Generally, if the temperature is upper or lower than this threshold, it is considered as hot or cold temperatures. A comparison of the median, mode, and average of cold WAVES with heat WAVES shows that the distribution is more heterogeneous for cold WAVES and its CV is 84.22%. In southern Iran, the average threshold heat WAVES are higher. This situation can be caused by the effects of subtropical high-pressure radiation, low latitude, and proximity to the sea. Though the threshold is higher in these areas, fewer fluctuations and changes are seen in the area. Heights moderate the temperature so they pose a minimum threshold for heat WAVES i.e. an iso-threshold of 25 ° C is consistent along the Zagros mountain chains, but in the west and east of Zagros Mountains, the threshold of heat WAVES is increased. Heat WAVES have increased in most areas of the country. So nearly 85 percent of the Iran has been an increasing trend, of which 65.8 percent is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Still, more areas of the country (60 percent) have a trend between 0.00828 and 0.00161. As can be seen, only 15% of the land area (including the southwest and northwest of the Country) had decreased heat WAVES. Cold WAVES, in most parts of the country, have a Positive Trend. However, about 25 percent of the study area's cold WAVES have a negative trend. they are located in areas higher than Latitude 30°. The largest decline of the wave's trend along the country is highlands. Nowadays, most of the country, has a trend between 0.01494 and 0.00828 ° C, respectively. Conclusion Common changes and effects of heat and cold WAVES had a direct relationship in many parts of the country. It is remarkable common variance in the East reached 55 percent, according to statistical significance. In some areas of the northwest and southwest, which have been impressive heights, the common variance is 40 percent. This common variance in mountains area has been high values. Investigation of heat WAVES trend shows that 65.8% of Iran significant positive trend and 7.1% significant negative trend. Also, the cold WAVES trend has indicated a 48.5% significant positive trend and a 10.8% significant negative trend. Climate change and global warming have changed the frequency and severity of temperature extremes. The present study, by examining the number of warm WAVES, concluded that the warm WAVES have increased in magnitude in 65.8% of the Iran zone. Also, the study of the cold WAVES trend showed that 48.5 percent of Iran had a positive trend, which means that the amount of temperature in the cold WAVES increased In other words, the severity of the cold has been reduced And only 10.8 percent of Iran had a negative cold wave trend And it shows the intensity of these WAVES is reduced.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Portal hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis usually leads to gastroesophageal varices; however, ectopic varices secondary to liver cirrhosis are not common, especially colonic varices which occur with a low frequency. We are going to discuss the case of a 75-year-old man with liver (HBV) cirrhosis who was admitted to the hospital with rectorrhagia. Colonoscopy revealed evidence of acute bleeding in tortuous colonic varices. The band ligation performed during the colonoscopy had failed to control the bleeding. The patient was referred to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, and rectorrhagia was subsequently successfully controlled by BRTO technique (balloon-occluded retrograded transvenous obliteration).